دراسة السياسة العامة لمكافحة التلوث النفطي البحري في دولة قطر

Introduction

The marine oil pollution is considered as one of the most challenges that the State of Qatar faces. Qatar is one of the largest oil producing countries. From one side, oil production and export is required to face the progress of civilization, infrastructural and economic renaissance, And from the other side to avoid the negative effects of production and refining that led to pollution in Qatari natural environment particularly the marine system.

Objectives

To highlight the problem of marine oil pollution in the State of Qatar, the national environmental policies (which include regional and international laws and conventions) and their effectiveness in the reduction of marine oil pollution, evaluation of the concerned individuals and institutions willingness to support the adopted policies in the state to combat oil marine pollution and their success in the application.

Methodology

A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted. A proportionate random sampling was done with a sample size of 88 experts working in the field of combating marine oil pollution in Qatar. A self-administered questionnaire was conducted. The Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) program version 22 was used for data entry and analysis. Appropriate statistical tests were used and ethical considerations were followed throughout the study.

Results

The main results of descriptive analysis. The analysis shows that highest percentage was 88.6 %. It reflects the readiness of individuals to support policies. Considering that oil is the most serious non-green products on the state was represented by 81.8%, while 86.4% are aware of the terminology and facts related to combating marine oil pollution. Also, about 74% assert that national policy has a positive impact in combating marine oil pollution. 70.5 % of respondents assured that there is no communication with experts on combating oil pollution policies. Similarly, 61.4% of the experts confirmed that there are strict relevant policies in the states, while 54.5% stressed there is incomplete view of the tasks of policy. Furthermore, a considerable views which reaches 52.2 % of respondents evident that their organizations are supportive of the changes, and pointed to the need for increased advertising and awareness campaigns. They also pointed to the lack of encouragement of incentives for workers with a percentage of 40.9 %. In addition, 34% of the sample believes that the procedures are not documented in either Arabic or in foreign languages, while 31.9% regard the importance of empowering human resources professionalism level.

The main statistical results

The study shows a strong positive correlation and distinct between the clarity of objectives and procedures, the clarity of objectives and communication, the resources and procedures. Policy’s Implementation Success was found to have a medium strength positive significant correlation with perceived effectiveness, procedures, Government policies and readiness to support policies at the organizational level, Looking at the Readiness to Support at the Individual Level, a medium strength significant positive correlation was detected with Social advertisement, Perceived Effectiveness, Clarity of Goals, Communication.

Resources clearly and positively affect supporting policies at the individual level. Resources and communication clearly impact on the change in the readiness to support policies at the organizational level. Also, knowledge has a positive effect on the readiness to support at the Individual Level. Similarly, social advertisements and perceived effectiveness have great contribution in the change in Readiness to Support at the Individual Level, while the impact of government policies and the perceived efficiency have strong and positive effect, with statistical significance, on readiness to support policies at the organizational level, The analysis also shows that the organizational or institutional level has a significant impact on the success of the implementation of the policy, and in return, readiness to support on an individual level does not affect the success of the application of policies.

Recommendations

Create an independent institute with legislative, financial and administrative authority with qualified and efficient human resources. Develop a national unified marine policy to set and update the related laws and regulations. Develop an electronic database containing documented and integrated information about the marine environment. Rehabilitation and development all staff working in marine environment. Expand the role of environmental awareness by displaying awareness programs in different mass media, as well as social media. Sets and adopts a national risk management plan to be implemented effectively and efficiently upon need. Supports all the regional and international related efforts.