Towards a Sustainable Future: Exploring Diverse Environmental Perspectives

This thesis addresses different perspectives on environmental considerations based on two essays. It starts with examining the interplay between Islamic and Environmental Economics in tackling environmental issues, with a specific emphasis on the efficacy of each paradigm. A comparative comparison shows that environmental economics has been more successful in combating environmental issues because of its all-encompassing strategy, widespread acceptability, policy creation, and individual-centered methodology. On the other hand, Islamic economics, which functions mainly at the community level, needs more defined execution plans in order to be more successful. Furthermore, this thesis moves on to investigate how energy innovation affects the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically with regard to OECD nations' greenhouse gas emissions. The study examines a sample of 36 countries from 1995 to 2021 using micro-balanced panel data and the Empirical Bayesian Estimation model. Results indicate that spending more on energy innovation can reduce greenhouse gas emissions, underscoring the potential of energy innovation to help achieve sustainable development goals, mainly the zero-pollution target. This study adds to the conversation on sustainable development by highlighting how moral values and internationally accepted practices must be combined to create a sustainable future.