The Effect of Olanzapine, Tart Cherry, Fish Oil and High Fat in the Composition of the Gut Microbiome in Obese Mice

Background

Obesity has increased in both developed and undeveloped countries. Recently, research has shown that the gut microbiome is crucial to the treatment of obesity.

Objective

This thesis examines the influence of diet and medication on the gut microbiome of obese mice. The first experiment examines the effect of tart cherry, fish oil, and a highfat diet change the gut microbiome composition of obese mice. The second experiment investigates the impact of olanzapine, fish oil, and a high-fat diet change the gut microbiome composition of obese mice.

Method

Microbial 16S rRNA genes of mice were sequenced and analyzed by bioinformatical and statistical methods. The experiments collaborate between the Qatar Computing Research Institute (QCRI) and the Texas Tech Nutrition center in the United States of America.

Result Experiment 1

The alpha diversity showed that no significant difference between the diets group. PCoA showed significant differences in gut microbial community structure between the diet group for obese mice. Regarding phyla, in comparing between HF, HF+FO, HF+TC and HF+FO+TC diet. The gut microbiota in the HF+FO diet group has a sufficient lower relative abundance of Firmicutes in comparison to HF+TC and HF+FO+TC group. HF and HF+TC diet groups have a sufficient higher relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to HF+FO and HF+FO+TC groups. In comparing between LF and HF diet, Bacteroidetes and Actinobacteria were high abundances in LF, whereas Deferribacteres were highest in HF. HF has the highest ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroides ratio in compared to LF diet. At the genus level, in comparing between HF, HF+FO, HF+TC and HF+FO+TC diet. HF and HF+FO have a low relative abundance of Blautia, Roseburia, and Lachnoclostridium in addition to a high relative abundance of Lactobacillus compared to HF+TC and HF+FO+TC group. HF and HF+TC have an increased relative abundance of Bacteroides compared to HF+FO and HF+FO+TC groups. HF+FO+TC has a low relative abundance of Ruminiclostridium compared to HF and HF+TC groups. In comparing between LF and HF diet, Faecalibaculum was high in LF, whereas Mucispirillum, Ruminiclostridium, and Roseburia increased in HF diet.

Result experiment 2

The alpha and beta diversity showed that no significant difference between the diets group. Regarding phyla, the gut microbiota for colon sample showed HFO in males, and HF in females induced a sufficient decrease in the relative abundance of Firmicutes in compared to other feeding types. H and HF have the highest F/B ratio compared to others but no significant difference in the male cecum group. H and HO have the highest F/B ratio compared to others but no significant difference in the male colon group. The F/B ratio was highest in HFO, followed by the HO group compared to others, but there is no significant difference in the female colon group.

Conclusion

The first experiment advised that combining tart cherry and fish oil (HF+TC) may reduce the gain weight by changing the composition of the gut microbiome. And The result of the second experiment suggested that supplementing high fat diets with fish oil (HF) and combined fish oil and olanzapine (HFO) reduces obesity and inflammation and changes gut microbiota composition.