On the Jewish Question between Karl Marx and Malek Bennabi: A Comparative Study

This study focuses on The Jewish Question, through the two texts of Karl Marx and Malek Bennabi. In comparing between these two texts, accredited on the critical analysis.Concentrating on the main components that was mentioned in the two texts of The Jewish Question, as it a religious matter that is related to different dimensions, socially, economically, and politically in it universal standard. This study investigated the methodological features of each text, which enable the researcher to concludes some analysis results, and connect the relation of the reflection of these features with the religious, historical, social, and political role of The Jewish Question. On the other hand, it studied the relation between the religious and intellectual environment and it impacts in forming the remediation of the two texts of Marx and Bennabi. We concluded in this study into elements of agreement and other differential elements between the two texts of The Jewish Question. Which shows the religious improvement in the European civilization. Also, the improvement of the relation between Christianity and Judaism; from a hostile relationship to a good relationship, based on secularity interests, when they condone on their religious differentiations and rely on knowledge as a reference of this relationship. Then the retract of the Christian religious security because of the crusades and the colonial empires that mounted under the name of religion. Which causes the loss of spiritual’s safety and security, and the lack of confidence into the papacy and church through different nations, seeking into reformative path that will apply more stability and peace. This study is concentrated on the Jewish role and it forming of the European civilization, and their effect on the Christian’s intellect into secularism and racialism thoughts. That extended into the working of the Christian for the interest and benefit of the Jewish. That contains multiple effects on different fields. On the other side, the study tried to grope the cosmic vision of Judaism in the point of view of Marks and Bennabi, and the centrality of The Jewish Question in considering with their context. Never the less, the religious difference affected the perspective of each writer on his vision of the site of religion in the European civilization, and the way of understanding the religion role and dimensions. Finally, the study reached into the discovery of the valuable and humanity dimensions of Marks and Bennabi through their two texts. Marx considered the case as the upper structure that is represented by the bourgeois state which is dependable on the economical lower structure. When Marks solved the case of The Jewish Question; he solved it from an economical angle, so he linked the freeing of the Jewish community with the freeing from Judaism. As for Bennabi, he considered The Jewish Question as one of the elements of the world civilizational conflict, and it role in changing the civilization paths through history, by creating global problems. So, he deems the exclusion of Judaism in the international affairs as a solution for this case, by replacing it to the rejoice of Islam as a main factor in spreading global peace and stability through this world wild’s management.