Conflict Resolution Through Interreligious Dialogue in a Multicultural Landscape : A Case Study in India’s Mosaic Society

As a pluralistic society, India requires an interreligious dialogue that accommodates the interests of all religious minorities within the country. Rooted in the constitutional provisions of Articles 21-25, which prohibit discrimination based on religion, the necessity for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to interfaith discourse is evident. However, the rise of Hindu nationalism since the 1980s, epitomised by the Hindutva ideology, has posed significant challenges to religious pluralism. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), representing organised Hinduism, has undermined the constitutional mandate by marginalising Indian Muslims and other religious minorities, leading to discriminatory persecution and threats to religious freedom. In contrast, interreligious dialogue is presented to foster communal harmony and understanding to mitigate conflict. Despite India’s claim to secularism since the 1967 amendment, interfaith dialogue has been looked at with suspicion.

This thesis argues that genuine interreligious dialogue involves tolerance, mutual respect, and cooperation at both individual and institutional levels. It explores the various interreligious dialogue types, highlighting their importance in promoting understanding and peace in diverse religious contexts. Drawing from historical antecedents, such as the inclusive practices of the Mughal Empire under Akbar and contemporary challenges, this thesis proposes a pragmatic and philosophical approach to interreligious dialogue in India. It emphasises the need for governmental support, societal engagement, and educational reform to foster a culture of tolerance, respect, and pluralism in Indian society. Through a comprehensive analysis of the literature and interfaith dynamics, this essay offers insights into the complexities of interreligious dialogue in pluralistic societies and advocates for its institutionalisation as a fundamental right and practice in India.