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Prevalence and global trends of polypharmacy in patients with chronic kidney disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

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submitted on 2024-02-25, 11:15 and posted on 2024-02-25, 11:16 authored by Lina Naseralallah, Malkan Khatib, Azhar Al-Khulaifi, Mohammed Danjuma

Background and objectives: Polypharmacy and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are becoming increasingly common due to an ageing population and the rise of multimorbidity. In line with the therapeutic guidelines, managing CKD and its complications necessitates prescribing multiple medications, which predisposes patients to polypharmacy. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to describe the prevalence of polypharmacy in patients with CKD and to explore the global trends of factors driving any apparent variability in prevalence estimates.


Methods: PubMed, Scopus, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), and Google Scholar were searched from 1999 to November 2021. Study selection, data extraction, and critical appraisal were conducted by two independent reviewers. The pooled prevalence of polypharmacy was estimated utilizing the random effects model using the default double arcsine transformation.


Results: This review involved 14 studies comprising of 17 201 participants, a significant proportion of which were males (56.12%). The mean age of the review population was 61.96 (SD ± 11.51) years. The overall pooled prevalence of polypharmacy amongst patients with CKD was 69% (95% CI: 49%–86%) (I2 = 100%, p < 0.0001), with a proportionately higher prevalence in North America and Europe as compared to Asia.


Conclusion: The results from this meta-analysis showed a high pooled prevalence estimates of polypharmacy amongst patient cohorts with CKD. The exact interventions that are likely to significantly mitigate its effect remain uncertain and will need exploration by future prospective and systematic studies.


Systematic Review Registration: [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/], identifier [CRD42022306572].


Other Information

Published in: Frontiers in Pharmacology
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2023.1122898

Funding

Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library.

History

Language

  • English

Publisher

Frontiers

Publication Year

  • 2023

License statement

This Item is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Institution affiliated with

  • Hamad Medical Corporation
  • Qatar University
  • Qatar University Health - QU
  • College of Medicine - QU HEALTH
  • Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar

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