MHD Heat Transfer Enhancement in a Curvilinear Enclosure With Oscillating Wall and Nano‐Encapsulated PCM: A Fluid‐Structure Interaction Analysis

<p dir="ltr">Thermal management systems integrating phase change materials face challenges in maximizing heat transfer efficiency for electronics cooling and energy storage applications. This study addresses the research gap regarding fluid‐structure interaction and magnetohydrodynamic effects on nano‐encapsulated PCM performance in complex geometries. We investigate thermal transport in a curvilinear enclosure containing NEPCM with an oscillating lower boundary and two cold cylinders under electromagnetic field influence. Using finite element methodology with specialized treatment for moving boundaries, we evaluate key parameters: Rayleigh number (<i>Ra</i>: 10³–10⁵), Stefan number (<i>Ste</i>: 0.1–0.9), phase transition temperature (θf: 0.1–0.9), NEPCM concentration (ϕ: 0.01–0.04), oscillation amplitude (<i>A:</i> 0.01–0.15), Hartmann number (<i>Ha</i>: 0–20), and magnetic field angle (<i>γ</i>: 0°–90°). Results reveal that increasing Ra from 10³ to 10⁵ enhances thermal efficiency by 122.9%, while nanoparticle addition improves performance by 37% as ϕ increases from 0.01 to 0.04. The electromagnetic field inhibits heat transfer, with Nu decreasing by 25.9% as Ha increases from 0 to 20. These findings provide design guidelines for thermal management applications in electromagnetically active environments.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Heat Transfer<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.23399" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/htj.23399</a></p>