Incidence of HPVs, EBV, and MMTV-Like Virus in Breast Cancer in Qatar

<h3>Introduction</h3><p dir="ltr">Human papillomaviruses (HPVs), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and mouse mammary tumor virus-like virus (MMTV-like virus) can be present and contribute to breast cancer development and progression. However, the role of these oncoviruses and their crosstalk in breast cancer is still unclear. </p><h3>Methods</h3><p dir="ltr">We explored the co-presence of high-risk HPVs, EBV, and MMTV-like virus in 74 breast cancer samples from Qatar using PCR.</p><h3>Results</h3><p dir="ltr">We found the presence of HPV and EBV in 65% and 49% of our cancer sample cohorts; 47% of the samples are positive for both oncoviruses. The MMTV-like virus alone was detected in 15% of the samples with no significant association with clinicopathological features. The three oncoviruses were co-present in 14% of the cases; no significant association was noted between the co-presence of these viruses and the clinicopathological features. </p><h3>Conclusion</h3><p dir="ltr">Despite the presence of the oncoviruses, additional studies are necessary to understand their interactions in human breast carcinogenesis.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Intervirology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525277" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000525277</a></p>