Impact of fuzzy volume fraction on unsteady stagnation-point flow and heat transfer of a third-grade fuzzy hybrid nanofluid over a permeable shrinking/stretching sheet

<p dir="ltr">In current work, the unsteady stagnation point’s flow on a special third-grade fuzzy hybrid (A⁢l₂⁢O₃ +Cu/SA) nanofluid (HNF) through a permeable convective shrinking/stretching sheet has been scrutinized. In addition, the adverse consequences of heat source, viscous dissipation, nonlinear thermal radiation, and fuzzy nanoparticle volume fraction are likewise taken into consideration. Non-linear coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) get transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using an effective similarity transformation. After that, the ODEs are numerically solved using the bvp4c algorithm. Regarding validation, the present results align with earlier published research. The effects of heat distribution, flow rate, Nusselt number, and skin friction coefficient on hybrid nanofluid dynamics are explored using graphical and tabular forms. The nanoparticle volume fraction is considered a triangular fuzzy number (TFN) [0, 5%, 10%]. With the use of TFNs, ODEs are transformed into fuzzy differential equations (FDEs). The TFNs are controlled using a widely used �� -cut technique and �� -cut∈[0,1], which requires minimal computational effort to examine their dynamical performance. Also, the comparison of A⁢l₂⁢O₃/SA, Cu/SA and A⁢l_2⁢O₃ +Cu/SA through the fuzzy membership functions (MFs). The fuzzy MFs show that the hybrid nanofluid (A⁢l₂⁢O₃ +Cu/SA) in terms of rate of heat transfer is better than both Cu/SA and A⁢l_2⁢O₃/SA nanofluids.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics<br>License: <a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2024.2381618" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2024.2381618</a></p>