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Erosion Behaviour of API X100 Pipeline Steel at Various Impact Angles and Particle Speeds

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submitted on 2024-07-08, 05:53 and posted on 2024-07-08, 05:54 authored by Paul Okonkwo, Rana Shakoor, Moustafa Zagho, Adel Mohamed

Erosion is the gradual removal of material due to solid particle impingement and results in a failure of pipeline materials. In this study, a series of erosion tests were carried out to investigate the influence of particle speed and impact angle on the erosion mechanism of API X100 pipeline steel. A dry erosion machine was used as the test equipment, while the particle speed ranged from 20 to 80 m/s and impact angles of 30° and 90° were used as test parameters. The eroded API X100 steel surface was characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The weight loss and erosion rate were also investigated. The results showed that at a 90° impact angle, a ploughing mechanism was occurring on the tested specimens, while material removal through low-angle cutting was the dominant mechanism at lower impact angles. Embedment of alumina particles on the target steel surface, micro-cutting, and low-angle cutting were observed at low impact angles. Therefore, the scratches, cuttings, and severe ploughings observed on some failed oil and gas pipelines could be attributed to the erosion mechanism.

Other Information

Published in: Metals
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met6100232

Funding

Qatar National Research Fund (NPRP 6 - 027 - 2 - 010), Mechanical Properties and Erosion-Corrosion of High Strength Steels for Oil and Gas Transportation Pipelines in H2S environment.

History

Language

  • English

Publisher

MDPI

Publication Year

  • 2016

License statement

This Item is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Institution affiliated with

  • Qatar University
  • Center for Advanced Materials - QU

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