Data Endowment as a Digital Waqf: An Islamic Ethical Framework for AI Development

<p dir="ltr">In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), data is often called the new oil—an essential asset for training algorithms and fueling intelligent systems. However, the ethical considerations surrounding this data’s ownership, use, and benefits remain contentious. The concept of data endowment—viewing data generated by individuals as a valuable resource—can be ethically aligned with the Islamic tradition of waqf (endowment), offering a culturally grounded model for responsible AI development.</p><h2>Other Information</h2><p dir="ltr">Published in: Philosophy & Technology<br>License: <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0" target="_blank">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</a><br>See article on publisher's website: <a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00905-5" target="_blank">https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13347-025-00905-5</a></p>