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Combined experimental and computational investigations of the fluorosolvatochromism of chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives: Effect of the methoxy substitution

Version 2 2023-10-22, 09:14
Version 1 2023-08-14, 12:06
journal contribution
revised on 2023-10-22, 09:10 and posted on 2023-10-22, 09:14 authored by Mohanad Shkoor, Vandana Thotathil, Raed M. Al-Zoubi, Haw-Lih Su, Abdulilah Dawoud Bani-Yaseen

Extensive research has been conducted on the spectral properties of chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives, owing to their potential applications in sensing, optoelectronic devices, and drug discovery. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the fluorosolvatochromism of selected chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives, with a particular emphasis on the impact of methoxy substitution. Three derivatives were synthesized and subjected to spectral analysis: chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine-3-carboxylate (I) as the parent compound, and its 7-methoxy (II) and 8-methoxy (III) substituted derivatives. The UV–Vis absorption spectra of all derivatives exhibited a broad band with a maximum absorption wavelength that remained unaffected by the surrounding medium. However, distinct fluorescence properties were observed among them. Specifically, derivative II displayed notable fluorescence, while derivatives I and III exhibited no fluorescence properties. Furthermore, derivative II exhibited a fluorescence spectrum that is significantly influenced by the polarity of the medium. To investigate the fluorosolvatochromic behavior in depth, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using various neat solvents with different polarities and hydrogen bonding capabilities. The results obtained revealed a significant positive fluorosolvatochromism, with a bathochromic shift in the fluorescence spectrum as the solvent polarity increased. To understand how specific and non-specific interactions between the solute and the solvent affected the fluorosolvatochromism of II, we employed the four empirical scales model of Catalán. The obtained results demonstrated that intramolecular charge transfer played a crucial role in the fluorescence behavior of II. To provide a molecular-level explanation for the experimental spectral properties, we utilized the DFT and TD-DFT/B3LYP/6-31 + G(d) computational methods with the IEFPCM implicit solvation approach. The spectral differences between II and III were rationalized in terms of the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs: the HOMO and LUMO), where distinct natures were observed among the examined derivatives. This study offers valuable insights into the impact of methoxy substitution on the physical and chemical properties of chromeno[4,3-b]pyridine derivatives, specifically concerning their spectral properties as elucidated by their fluorosolvatochromic behavior.

Other Information

Published in: Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2023.123210

Funding

Open Access funding provided by the Qatar National Library

History

Language

  • English

Publisher

Elsevier

Publication Year

  • 2023

License statement

This Item is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Institution affiliated with

  • Qatar University
  • College of Arts and Sciences - QU
  • Hamad Medical Corporation
  • Hamad General Hospital - HMC
  • Qatar University Health - QU
  • College of Health Sciences - QU HEALTH

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