Association of fine particulate air pollution with cardiopulmonary morbidity in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia

Objectives

To assess cardiopulmonary morbidity associated with daily exposures to PM_2.5 in Western Coast of Saudi Arabia.

Methods

We monitored 24-h PM_2.5 and its constituents including black carbon (BC), particulate sulfate (p-SO₄^2–), nitrate (p-NO₃^–), ammonium (p-NH₄⁺) and trace elements (TEs) at a site in Rabigh, Saudi Arabia from May to June 2013 with simultaneous collection of hospital data (N=2513). Cardiopulmonary morbidity risk was determined in a generalized linear time-series model.

Results

Exposure to PM_2.5 was associated with a 7.6% (p=0.056) increase in risk of respiratory disease (RD) in females. Black carbon increased RD morbidity risk by 68.1% (p=0.056) in females. Exposure to p-SO₄^2– increased the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by up to 5.3% (p=0.048) in males; and RD by 2.9% (p=0.037) in females and 2.5% (p=0.022) in males. The p-NH₄⁺ increased CVD risk by up to 20.3% (p=0.033) in males; and RD by 10.7% (p=0.014) in females and 8% (p=0.031) in males. No statistically significant association was observed for p-NO₃^– and TEs exposure.

Conclusion

Overall, results show an increased risk for cardiopulmonary morbidity following exposure to air pollution.

Other Information

Published in: Saudi Medical Journal
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/  
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.9.18545