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Anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2018

journal contribution
submitted on 2024-04-30, 05:02 and posted on 2024-04-30, 05:02 authored by Damaris Kinyoki, Aaron E. Osgood-Zimmerman, Natalia V. Bhattacharjee, Lauren E. Schaeffer, Alice Lazzar-Atwood, Dan Lu, Samuel B. Ewald, Katie M. Donkers, Ian D. Letourneau, Michael Collison, Megan F. Schipp, Amanuel Abajobir, Sima Abbasi, Nooshin Abbasi, Mitra Abbasifard, Mohsen Abbasi-Kangevari, Hedayat Abbastabar, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Sherief M. Abd-Elsalam, Amir Abdoli, Ibrahim Abdollahpour, Aidin Abedi, Hassan Abolhassani, Biju Abraham, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Michael R. M. Abrigo, Ahmed Abualhasan, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Abdelrahman I. Abushouk, Manfred Mario Kokou Accrombessi, Maryam Adabi, Oladimeji M. Adebayo, Adeyinka Emmanuel Adegbosin, Victor Adekanmbi, Olatunji O. Adetokunboh, Daniel Adedayo Adeyinka, Davoud Adham, Shailesh M. Advani, Pradyumna Agasthi, Mohammad Aghaali, Sohail Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Keivan Ahmadi, Sepideh Ahmadi, Muktar Beshir Ahmed, Miloud Taki Eddine Aichour, Budi Aji, Oluwaseun Oladapo Akinyemi, Addis Aklilu, Chisom Joyqueenet Akunna, Ziyad Al-Aly, Turki M. Alanzi, Jacqueline Elizabeth Alcalde-Rabanal, Biresaw Wassihun Alemu, Ayinalem Alemu, Robert Kaba Alhassan, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Vahid Alipour, Hesam Alizade, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Amir Almasi-Hashiani, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Rajaa M. Al-Raddadi, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Saeed Amini, Fatemeh Amiri, Dickson A. Amugsi, Nahla Hamed Anber, Robert Ancuceanu, Tudorel Andrei, Masresha Tessema Anegago, Mina Anjomshoa, Fereshteh Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Zelalem Alamrew Anteneh, Ernoiz Antriyandarti, Davood Anvari, Razique Anwer, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Morteza Arab-Zozani, Olatunde Aremu, Habtamu Abera Areri, Al Artaman, Afsaneh Arzani, Malke Asaad, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi, Ali A. Asadi-Pooya, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mohammad Asghari Jafarabadi, Mengistu M. Ashebir, Zerihun Ataro, Seyyede Masoume Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Maha Moh’d Wahbi Atout, Marcel Ausloos, Nefsu Awoke, Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla, Getinet Ayano, Martin Amogre Ayanore, Yared Asmare Aynalem, Muluken Altaye Ayza, Abbas Azadmehr, Darshan B, Tesleem Kayode Babalola, Alaa Badawi, Ashish D. Badiye, Mohammad Amin Bahrami, Mohan Bairwa, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Palash Chandra Banik, Adhanom Gebreegziabher Baraki, Miguel A. Barboza, Huda Basaleem, Sanjay Basu, Mohsen Bayati, Bayisa Abdissa Baye, Gholamreza Bazmandegan, Neeraj Bedi, Tariku Tesfaye Tesfaye Bekuma, Michelle L. Bell, Isabela M. Bensenor, Kidanemaryam Berhe, Abadi Kidanemariam Berhe, Kidanemariam Alem Berhie, Dinesh Bhandari, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Krittika Bhattacharyya, Suraj Bhattarai, Zulfiqar A. Bhutta, Ali Bijani, Boris Bikbov, Antonio Biondi, Minyichil Birhanu, Raaj Kishore Biswas, Moses John Bockarie, Somayeh Bohlouli, Mahdi Bohluli, Archith Boloor, Shiva Borzouei, Nicola Luigi Bragazzi, Dejana Braithwaite, Andre R. Brunoni, Sharath Burugina Nagaraja, Zahid A. Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Cámera, Josip Car, Rosario Cárdenas, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela, Franz Castro, Muge Cevik, Wagaye Fentahun Chanie, Jaykaran Charan, Souranshu Chatterjee, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Sarika Chaturvedi, Simiao Chen, Ken Lee Chin, Mohiuddin Ahsanul Kabir Chowdhury, Aubrey J. Cook, Vera Marisa Costa, Elizabeth A. Cromwell, Berihun Assefa Dachew, Henok Dagne, Baye Dagnew, Tukur Dahiru, Saad M. A. Dahlawi, Haijiang Dai, Hancheng Dai, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Parnaz Daneshpajouhnejad, Farah Daoud, Jai K. Das, Rajat Das Gupta, Aditya Prasad Dash, Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes, Kairat Davletov, Farah Deeba, Jan-Walter De Neve, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Kebede Deribe, Assefa Desalew, Getenet Ayalew Dessie, Sagnik Dey, Meghnath Dhimal, Govinda Prasad Dhungana, Mostafa Dianatinasab, Daniel Diaz, Isaac Oluwafemi Dipeolu, Shirin Djalalinia, Hoa Thi Do, Fariba Dorostkar, Leila Doshmangir, Bereket Duko, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Lucas Earl, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Rajesh Elayedath, Teshome Bekele Elema, Hala Rashad Elhabashy, Shaimaa I. El-Jaafary, Iman El Sayed, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Aisha Elsharkawy, Yasser Mohamed El-Sherbiny, Maha El Tantawi, Daniel Adane Endalew, Babak Eshrati, Khalil Eskandari, Sharareh Eskandarieh, Ibtihal Fadhil, Emerito Jose A. Faraon, Mohammad Fareed, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Medhat Farwati, Farshad Farzadfar, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Nazir Fattahi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Valery L. Feigin, Berhanu Elfu Feleke, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Eduarda Fernandes, Pietro Ferrara, Nataliya A. Foigt, Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov, Masoud Foroutan, Joel Msafiri Francis, Richard Charles Franklin, Marisa Freitas, Takeshi Fukumoto, Mohamed M. Gad, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Reta Tsegaye Gayesa, Biniyam Sahiledengle Geberemariyam, Birhan Gebresillassie Gebregiorgis, Hadush Gebremariam, Tesfay B. B. Gebremariam, Leake Gebremeskel, Gebreamlak Gebremedhn Gebremeskel, Assefa Ayalew Gebreslassie, Yilma Chisha Dea Geramo, Hailay Abrha Gesesew, Bradford D. Gessner, Lemma Getacher, Keyghobad Ghadiri, Fatemeh Ghaffarifar, Mansour Ghafourifard, Mahsa Ghajarzadeh, Farhad Ghamari, Ahmad Ghashghaee, Nermin Ghith, Syed Amir Gilani, Tiffany K. Gill, Myron Anthony Godinho, Philimon N. Gona, Ayman Grada, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Nachiket Gudi, Davide Guido, Rashid Abdi Guled, Yuming Guo, Rachita Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Randah R. Hamadeh, Demelash Woldeyohannes Handiso, Asif Hanif, Arief Hargono, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Md Mehedi Hasan, Syed Shahzad Hasan, Maryam Hashemian, Abdiwahab Hashi, Shoaib Hassan, Amr Hassan, Soheil Hassanipour, Hadi Hassankhani, Khezar Hayat, Mohamed I. Hegazy, Reza Heidari-Soureshjani, Nathaniel J. Henry, Claudiu Herteliu, Fatemeh Heydarpour, Sousan Heydarpour, Hagos Degefa de Hidru, Chi Linh Hoang, Ramesh Holla, Julia Hon, Sung Hwi Hong, Praveen Hoogar, Seyyed Nasrollah Hosseini, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Peter J. Hotez, Mowafa Househ, Tanvir M. Huda, Dawit Hoyiso Huluko Huluko, Syed Ather Hussain, Bing-Fang Hwang, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Usman Iqbal, M. Mofizul Islam, Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam, Chinwe Juliana Iwu, Chidozie C. D. Iwu, Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh, Mohammad Ali Jahani, Vardhmaan Jain, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Amir Jalali, Farzad Jalilian, Manthan Dilipkumar Janodia, Tahereh Javaheri, Ravi Prakash Jha, Oommen John, Kimberly B. Johnson, Jost B. Jonas, Jitendra Jonnagaddala, Nitin Joseph, Ankur Joshi, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Ali Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Tanvir Kahlon, Leila R. Kalankesh, Rohollah Kalhor, Ashwin Kamath, Zahra Kamiab, Tanuj Kanchan, Umesh Kapil, Neeti Kapoor, Behzad Karami Matin, Salah Eddin Karimi, Ayele Semachew Kasa, Gebremicheal Gebreslassie Kasahun, Zemenu Yohannes Kassa, Gebrehiwot G. Kassa, Getinet Kassahun, Gbenga A. Kayode, Ali Kazemi Karyani, Tibebeselassie S. Keflie, Peter Njenga Keiyoro, Bayew Kelkay, Maryam Keramati, Daniel Bekele Ketema, Nauman Khalid, Mohammad Khammarnia, Md Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Junaid Khan, Khaled Khatab, Amir M. Khater, Mona M. Khater, Abdullah T. Khoja, Jagdish Khubchandani, Neda Kianipour, Young-Eun Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Sezer Kisa, Adnan Kisa, Tufa Kolola, Ali Koolivand, Soewarta Kosen, Parvaiz A. Koul, Ai Koyanagi, Kewal Krishan, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Nuworza Kugbey, Vaman Kulkarni, G. Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Pushpendra Kumar, Manasi Kumar, Om P. Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, Ben Lacey, Deepesh P. Lad, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Faris Hasan Lami, Iván Landires, Anders O. Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Matthew B. Laurens, Carlo La Vecchia, Avula Laxmaiah, Paul H. Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Kate E. LeGrand, Sonia Lewycka, Bingyu Li, Shanshan Li, Xuefeng Liu, Jaifred Christian F. Lopez, Daiane Borges Machado, Shilpashree Madhava Kunjathur, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Muhammed Magdy Abd El Razek, D. R. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Mina Maheri, Narayan B. Mahotra, Azeem Majeed, Venkatesh Maled, Shokofeh Maleki, Reza Malekzadeh, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A. Mamun, Fariborz Mansour-Ghanaei, Borhan Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Md Dilshad Dilshad Manzar, Carlos Alberto Marrugo Arnedo, Francisco Rogerlândio Martins-Melo, Anthony Masaka, Pallab K. Maulik, Benjamin K. Mayala, Medhin Mehari, Man Mohan Mehndiratta, Entezar Mehrabi Nasab, Fereshteh Mehri, Kala M. Mehta, Wahengbam Bigyananda Meitei, Teferi Mekonnen, Gebrekiros Gebremichael Meles, Mulugeta Melku, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, Meresa Berwo Mengesha, Endalkachew Worku Mengesha, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Abera M. Mersha, Workua Mekonnen Metekiya, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, G. K. Mini, Shabir Ahmad Mir, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Hamed Mirzaei, Maryam Mirzaei, Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh, Sanjeev Misra, Babak Moazen, Masoud Moghadaszadeh, Yousef Mohammad, Dara K. Mohammad, Naser Mohammad Gholi Mezerji, Seyyede Momeneh Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Reza Mohammadpourhodki, Hayat Maeruf Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Ammas Siraj Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Jemal Abdu Mohammed, Mohammad A. Mohseni Bandpei, Ali H. Mokdad, Alex Molassiotis, Lorenzo Monasta, Masoud Moradi, Maziar Moradi-Lakeh, Rahmatollah Moradzadeh, Paula Moraga, Abbas Mosapour, Simin Mouodi, Seyyed Meysam Mousavi, Amin Mousavi Khaneghah, Getaneh Baye B. Mulu, Mehnaz Munir, Moses K. Muriithi, G. V. S. Murthy, Ghulam Mustafa, Ashraf F. Nabhan, Mehdi Naderi, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Shankar Prasad Nagaraju, Mohsen Naghavi, Gurudatta Naik, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Vinay Nangia, Jobert Richie Nansseu, Atta Abbas Naqvi, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Smitha Nayak, Vinod C. Nayak

Anemia is a globally widespread condition in women and is associated with reduced economic productivity and increased mortality worldwide. Here we map annual 2000–2018 geospatial estimates of anemia prevalence in women of reproductive age (15–49 years) across 82 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), stratify anemia by severity and aggregate results to policy-relevant administrative and national levels. Additionally, we provide subnational disparity analyses to provide a comprehensive overview of anemia prevalence inequalities within these countries and predict progress toward the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target (WHO GNT) to reduce anemia by half by 2030. Our results demonstrate widespread moderate improvements in overall anemia prevalence but identify only three LMICs with a high probability of achieving the WHO GNT by 2030 at a national scale, and no LMIC is expected to achieve the target in all their subnational administrative units. Our maps show where large within-country disparities occur, as well as areas likely to fall short of the WHO GNT, offering precision public health tools so that adequate resource allocation and subsequent interventions can be targeted to the most vulnerable populations.

Other Information

Published in: Nature Medicine
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
See article on publisher's website: https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01498-0

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  • English

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Springer Nature

Publication Year

  • 2021

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This Item is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Institution affiliated with

  • Hamad Bin Khalifa University
  • College of Science and Engineering - HBKU
  • Hamad Medical Corporation

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